西津水利枢纽二线船闸下游引航道右岸支流汇入口消能设施设计

西津水利枢纽二线船闸工程是建设"西江亿吨级黄金水道"的重要举措之一。为研究二线船闸下引航道停泊段右岸西竹坑支流的汇入对二线船闸下引航道内通航水流条件的影响,通过水工模型试验研究在支流沟内布置消能设施对支流入汇口处流速、流态的影响,提出斜向导流坝、消力墩和消力池的工程措施,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

基于神经网络的小时间粒度交通流预测模型

为解决传统车队离散模型基于概率分布假设和现有交通流预测时间粒度过大不能应用于自适应信号配时优化等问题.在车队离散模型的建模思路上,先分析了下游交叉口车辆到达与上游交叉口车辆离去之间的关系,基于此构建了基于神经网络的小时间粒度交通流预测模型.该模型以上游交叉口离去流量分布为输入,下游交叉口到达流量分布为输出,时间粒度为5 s.最后,通过实际调查数据标定模型参数并应用模型预测下游交叉口到达流量.结果表明,与Robertson模型相比,本文模型预测结果能够更好地反映交通流的变化特征,平均预测误差减少了8.3%.成果可用于信号配时优化.     

城市轨道交通常态与非常态短期客流预测方法研究

城市轨道交通客流特征除表现为常态的周期性、季节性及高峰性外,还会因节假日、体育赛事、城市大型活动、突发事件、特殊天气等因素表现出差异性和特殊性,本文对较为成熟的常态及研究较少的非常态客流预测方法进行了实验.首先利用通用的ARIMA时间序列预测算法分析样本历史数据实现常态日客流预测;其次针对客流特殊因素提出时间序列及回归分析的组合模型,同时引进虚拟变量和结合相似日样本数据进一步改进,实现非常态预测问题的高精度求解.仿真计算结果表明,本文方法对解决短期客流预测具有良好的适用度,尤其同样本同预测周期条件下的非常态组合改进模型和常用单一时间序列模型的对比,证明改进模型可以很好地应用在客流特征既包括随时间固有不变的性质又表现出特殊因素的研究中,具有较强的自适应性和更好的预测精度.     

Experimental study and modeling of car-following behavior under high speed situation

To investigate the car-following behavior under high speed driving conditions, we performed a set of 11-car-platoon experiments on Hefei airport highway. The formation and growth of oscillations have been analyzed and compared with that in low speed situations. It was found that there is considerable heterogeneity for the same driver over different runs of the experiment. This intra-driver heterogeneity was quantitatively depicted by a new index and incorporated in an enhanced two-dimensional intelligent driver model. Using both the new high-speed and the previous low-speed experimental data, the new and three existing models were calibrated. Simulation results show that the enhanced model outperforms the three existing car-following models that do not take into account this intra-driver heterogeneity in reproducing the essential features of the traffic in the experiments.     

宽浅河道低水头水电枢纽口门区通航水流条件研究

根据重力相似准则,采用比尺为1∶100的整体模型,进行某宽浅河道低水头水电枢纽口门区的通航安全性研究。采用ADV三维流速测量系统进行流速测量;采用标准矩形量水堰控制模型流量;采用差动式尾门调节模型水位。由于河道地形及枢纽布置的原因,上游口门区流速过大,下游口门区形成大范围回流。通过扩大河道过流面积,移除下游河道中心连续小岛,增加闸孔等措施,减小下泄水流流速,改善河道整体水流状态;通过加长导航墙,改变导航墙透水面积,优化口门区域地形等措施极大地改善了船闸上下游引航道及口门区通航水流条件,确保过闸船舶的安全。     

A hybrid deep learning based traffic flow prediction method and its understanding

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently demonstrated the capability to predict traffic flow with big data. While existing DNN models can provide better performance than shallow models, it is still an open issue of making full use of spatial-temporal characteristics of the traffic flow to improve their performance. In addition, our understanding of them on traffic data remains limited. This paper proposes a DNN based traffic flow prediction model (DNN-BTF) to improve the prediction accuracy. The DNN-BTF model makes full use of weekly/daily periodicity and spatial-temporal characteristics of traffic flow. Inspired by recent work in machine learning, an attention based model was introduced that automatically learns to determine the importance of past traffic flow. The convolutional neural network was also used to mine the spatial features and the recurrent neural network to mine the temporal features of traffic flow. We also showed through visualization how DNN-BTF model understands traffic flow data and presents a challenge to conventional thinking about neural networks in the transportation field that neural networks is purely a “black-box” model. Data from open-access database PeMS was used to validate the proposed DNN-BTF model on a long-term horizon prediction task. Experimental results demonstrated that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.     

GPS天线线型对AUV阻力和尾流场的影响

靠近艉部的GPS天线线型对AUV的阻力以及桨盘面处的伴流品质有直接影响。高品质的伴流场能有效地降低噪声并提高水动力性能。为了获得最优的GPS天线线型,以某自主式水下机器人(AUV)为母型,采用ICEM-CFD、Fluent等CFD软件,结合RANS方法和SSTκ-ω模型对搭载不同线型GPS天线的AUV进行数值计算。研究结果表明GPS天线设计前倾角可以有效降低天线的阻力,从而降低AUV受到的整体阻力。具有一定前倾角和尾端曲线的GPS天线有利于改善AUV尾部伴流特性,减小桨盘面伴流速度的不均匀度。     

高桩码头施工对内河航道通航安全的影响

针对高桩码头施工对内河航道通航安全的影响问题,以江苏响水高桩码头工程为依托,结合工程所在水域的通航情况,分析探讨高桩码头在挖泥、打桩、预制构件吊装施工期间相应施工船舶占用水域情况。根据内河航道的船舶流量分析,提出相应的航道通航安全保证措施,确保内河航道在高桩码头施工期间航道的通畅与通航安全。     

轨道交通车辆的工艺流程标准化

从生产线建立、工艺流程编制、工艺布局设计和生产能力等方面进行分析,提出了轨道交通车辆工艺流程标准化设计方法和优化方法。基于精益管理理念和工序能力测算法,可以合理编制标准化工艺流程,从而降低劳动强度,提高生产效率。     

上游静止柱体对圆柱体结构尾激振动的影响

文章运用半隐式特征线分裂算子有限元算法对串列布置的静止上游柱体和下游圆柱的尾激振动问题进行了数值模拟研究。数值结果表明:上游柱体结构的形状、尺寸比(d/D)和折减速度(Ur)三个参数对下游圆柱体结构的动力响应、运动轨迹与涡脱落模态有着显著的影响,且与单圆柱工况相比存在明显区别;随着尺寸比的增大,上/下游柱体结构之间的互扰作用会由流致效应逐渐转变为尾流效应,使得频率特性发生变化,并会导致下游圆柱体结构的振动响应增强;当d/D=0.5和1.0时,下游圆柱体结构的运动轨迹主要为“8”字形;当d/D=1.5时,除了“8”字形外,运动轨迹还会呈现双弯刀形、“双8”字形和不规则形状。通过对流体力系数与位移时程曲线及位移PSD曲线特性进行分析,揭示了其相互作用的内在机理。另外,下游圆柱体结构的尾流场特性也会随参数的变化而变化,其涡脱落模态主要为2S、P+S和2P三种。